第 21 课：项目实战

import yfinance as yf
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
from typing import List, Dict, Optional

class DataManager:
    """数据管理器"""

    def __init__(self, cache_dir: str = "./data_cache"):
        self.cache_dir = cache_dir

    def get_history(
        self,
        symbol: str,
        days: int = 252,
        end_date: Optional[str] = None
    ) -> pd.DataFrame:
        """获取历史行情数据"""
        ticker = yf.Ticker(symbol)
        df = ticker.history(period=f"{days}d")

        # 标准化列名
        df = df.rename(columns={
            "Open": "open",
            "High": "high",
            "Low": "low",
            "Close": "close",
            "Volume": "volume"
        })

        return df[["open", "high", "low", "close", "volume"]]

    def calculate_indicators(self, df: pd.DataFrame) -> pd.DataFrame:
        """计算技术指标"""
        # 移动平均
        df["sma_20"] = df["close"].rolling(20).mean()
        df["sma_50"] = df["close"].rolling(50).mean()

        # 波动率
        df["volatility"] = df["close"].pct_change().rolling(20).std() * np.sqrt(252)

        # RSI
        delta = df["close"].diff()
        gain = delta.where(delta > 0, 0).rolling(14).mean()
        loss = (-delta.where(delta < 0, 0)).rolling(14).mean()
        df["rsi"] = 100 - (100 / (1 + gain / loss))

        # ATR
        high_low = df["high"] - df["low"]
        high_close = (df["high"] - df["close"].shift()).abs()
        low_close = (df["low"] - df["close"].shift()).abs()
        tr = pd.concat([high_low, high_close, low_close], axis=1).max(axis=1)
        df["atr"] = tr.rolling(14).mean()

        return df

    def validate(self, df: pd.DataFrame) -> tuple:
        """数据质量检查"""
        errors = []

        if df.empty:
            errors.append("DataFrame is empty")

        if df["close"].isnull().any():
            errors.append(f"Missing close prices: {df['close'].isnull().sum()}")

        if (df["close"] <= 0).any():
            errors.append("Invalid prices (<=0)")

        return len(errors) == 0, errors

from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import Dict

@dataclass
class RegimeState:
    regime: str
    confidence: float
    weights: Dict[str, float]

class RegimeAgent:
    """市场状态识别 Agent"""

    def __init__(self, config: dict = None):
        self.config = config or {}
        self.adx_threshold = self.config.get("adx_threshold", 25)
        self.vol_crisis = self.config.get("vol_crisis", 0.30)

    def detect(self, market_data: dict) -> RegimeState:
        """
        检测市场状态

        market_data: {
            "adx": float,
            "volatility": float,
            "correlation": float,
            "trend_strength": float
        }
        """
        adx = market_data.get("adx", 20)
        vol = market_data.get("volatility", 0.15)
        corr = market_data.get("correlation", 0.5)

        # 危机检测优先
        if vol > self.vol_crisis and corr > 0.7:
            return RegimeState(
                regime="crisis",
                confidence=0.8,
                weights={"momentum": 0.1, "mean_revert": 0.1, "defensive": 0.8}
            )

        # 趋势检测
        if adx > self.adx_threshold and vol < 0.25:
            return RegimeState(
                regime="trending",
                confidence=0.7,
                weights={"momentum": 0.7, "mean_revert": 0.2, "defensive": 0.1}
            )

        # 震荡检测
        if adx < 20 and vol < 0.20:
            return RegimeState(
                regime="mean_reverting",
                confidence=0.6,
                weights={"momentum": 0.2, "mean_revert": 0.7, "defensive": 0.1}
            )

        # 不确定
        return RegimeState(
            regime="uncertain",
            confidence=0.3,
            weights={"momentum": 0.33, "mean_revert": 0.33, "defensive": 0.34}
        )

from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import List, Optional

@dataclass
class Signal:
    symbol: str
    direction: str  # "long" | "short" | "close"
    strength: float  # 0.0 - 1.0
    source: str
    timestamp: str

class SignalAgent:
    """信号生成 Agent"""

    def __init__(self, strategies: list):
        self.strategies = strategies

    def generate_signals(
        self,
        market_data: dict,
        regime_weights: dict
    ) -> List[Signal]:
        """汇总各策略信号"""
        all_signals = {}

        for strategy in self.strategies:
            strategy_name = strategy.name
            weight = regime_weights.get(strategy_name, 0.33)

            raw_signals = strategy.generate(market_data)

            for sig in raw_signals:
                key = (sig.symbol, sig.direction)
                weighted_strength = sig.strength * weight

                if key in all_signals:
                    # 同方向信号叠加
                    all_signals[key].strength += weighted_strength
                else:
                    all_signals[key] = Signal(
                        symbol=sig.symbol,
                        direction=sig.direction,
                        strength=weighted_strength,
                        source=strategy_name,
                        timestamp=sig.timestamp
                    )

        # 过滤弱信号
        return [s for s in all_signals.values() if s.strength > 0.3]

from enum import Enum
from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import Optional

class Decision(Enum):
    APPROVE = "approve"
    REDUCE = "reduce"
    REJECT = "reject"

@dataclass
class RiskDecision:
    decision: Decision
    reason: str
    adjusted_size: Optional[float] = None

class RiskAgent:
    """风险控制 Agent"""

    def __init__(self, config: dict):
        self.max_single = config.get("max_single_position", 0.10)
        self.max_symbol = config.get("max_symbol_exposure", 0.20)
        self.max_total = config.get("max_total_exposure", 0.80)
        self.drawdown_stop = config.get("drawdown_stop", 0.10)
        self.drawdown_circuit = config.get("drawdown_circuit", 0.15)

    def check(
        self,
        signal: Signal,
        proposed_size: float,
        portfolio: dict,
        current_drawdown: float
    ) -> RiskDecision:
        """审核交易信号"""

        # 熔断检查
        if current_drawdown >= self.drawdown_circuit:
            return RiskDecision(Decision.REJECT, "Circuit breaker active")

        # 回撤控制
        if current_drawdown >= self.drawdown_stop:
            if signal.direction != "close":
                return RiskDecision(Decision.REJECT, "Drawdown limit reached")

        # 单笔上限
        if proposed_size > self.max_single:
            return RiskDecision(
                Decision.REDUCE,
                f"Size exceeds single limit",
                adjusted_size=self.max_single
            )

        # 标的上限
        current_exposure = portfolio.get(signal.symbol, 0)
        if current_exposure + proposed_size > self.max_symbol:
            allowed = self.max_symbol - current_exposure
            if allowed <= 0:
                return RiskDecision(Decision.REJECT, "Symbol limit reached")
            return RiskDecision(
                Decision.REDUCE,
                "Symbol limit",
                adjusted_size=allowed
            )

        # 总仓位上限
        total_exposure = sum(portfolio.values()) + proposed_size
        if total_exposure > self.max_total:
            return RiskDecision(Decision.REJECT, "Total exposure limit")

        return RiskDecision(Decision.APPROVE, "Passed all checks")

from dataclasses import dataclass
from enum import Enum
from datetime import datetime
import uuid

class OrderStatus(Enum):
    PENDING = "pending"
    SUBMITTED = "submitted"
    FILLED = "filled"
    CANCELLED = "cancelled"
    REJECTED = "rejected"

@dataclass
class Order:
    order_id: str
    symbol: str
    side: str  # "buy" | "sell"
    quantity: int
    order_type: str  # "market" | "limit"
    limit_price: float = None
    status: OrderStatus = OrderStatus.PENDING
    filled_price: float = None
    filled_time: str = None

class ExecutionAgent:
    """订单执行 Agent"""

    def __init__(self, broker_client=None, is_paper: bool = True):
        self.broker = broker_client
        self.is_paper = is_paper
        self.orders = {}

    def create_order(
        self,
        symbol: str,
        direction: str,
        size: float,
        portfolio_value: float,
        current_price: float
    ) -> Order:
        """创建订单"""
        # 计算股数
        dollar_amount = portfolio_value * size
        quantity = int(dollar_amount / current_price)

        if quantity <= 0:
            return None

        side = "buy" if direction == "long" else "sell"

        order = Order(
            order_id=str(uuid.uuid4())[:8],
            symbol=symbol,
            side=side,
            quantity=quantity,
            order_type="market"
        )

        self.orders[order.order_id] = order
        return order

    def submit_order(self, order: Order) -> bool:
        """提交订单"""
        if self.is_paper:
            # 模拟成交
            order.status = OrderStatus.FILLED
            order.filled_time = datetime.now().isoformat()
            # 模拟盘假设以当前价成交
            return True

        # 实盘调用 broker API
        # response = self.broker.submit_order(order)
        # ...
        return True